Alfalfa herb (medicago sativa)
   Properties: bitter, stomachic, general tonic, antipyretic, alterative, diuretic
    Systems affected: digestive, circulatory, structural
     Folk Use: Used for inflammations including arthritis and rheumatism. Thought to lower cholesterol and blood sugar. Used as a
     blood purifier and bitter tonic. Aids digestion.
     Traditional formulas: Alfalfa and Dandelion combination, Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Marshmallow and Plantain
     combination

Aloe leaf (laloe spp.)
     Properties: mucilaginous, bitter, vulnerary, laxative, demulcent, emollient, emmenagogue, astringent
     Systems affected: structural, digestive
     Folk Use: Used for burns, skin and stomach ulcers, dysentary, intestinal disorders, longevity, kidney disorders, prostatitis,
     sexual prowess. Acts as a cell proliferant, healer, demucent and allergy reducer. Topically it is used for skin ulcers, burns,
     irritations, and bites.
     Traditional formulas: Comfrey combination

Althea root (althea officinalis) commonly called “Marshmallow”
     Properties: muciliagenous, demulcent, vulnery, emollient, general tonic, alterative, diuretic, lithotriptic
     Systems affected: digestive, urinary, respiratory
     Folk Use: Binds and eliminates toxins. Useful for arthritis, as a laxative, for infection, as a female tonic, vermifuge, cleansing.
     Used in poltices. Helps kidney and bladder infection. Soothes urinary tract. Acts as an expectorant. Soothes the throat.
     Traditional formulas: Gymnema combination, Pumpkin and Cascara combination, Plantain combination, Slippery Elm
     combination, Black Cohosh and Goldenseal combination, Raspberry and Dong Quai combination, Ginger and Dong Quai
     combination, Goldenseal and Juniper combination, Goldenseal and Bugleweed combination, Chamomile and Passion Flower
     combination, Marshmallow and Fenugreek combination, Ephedra and Passion Flower combination, Marshmallow and
     Plantain combination, Ginseng and Parsley combination

Asparagus root (asparagus officinale)
     Properties: bitter, diuretic, laxative, blood purifier, antirheumatic
     Systems affected: urinary, digestive, structural
     Folk Use: As a blood purifier with diuretic and laxative properties. Used for rheumatism, neuritis, dysuria, parasites
     Traditional formulas: Yellow Dock and Pau D'arco combination

Astragalus root (astragalus membranaceus)
     Properties: bitter, immune stimulant, antiseptic, diuretic, antispasmodic, carminative
     Systems affected: immune, urinary, respiratory
     Folk Use: Infections. Some say it is used to prevent cancers. Said to rejuvenate digestive organs. Regulates blood sugar.
     Used to treat infections, diabetes, edema, nephritis, ulcers. Acts as diuretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic. Stimulates immune
     system.
     Traditional formulas: Biota and Zizyphus combination, Ginseng and Licorice combination, Dong Quai and Peony combination,
     Astragalus and Ganoderma combination, Ginseng and Phaffia combination, Anemarrhena and Astragalus combination,
     Eucommia and Achyranthes combination, Alisma and Hoelen combination

Barberry (berberis vulgaris)
     Properties: bitter, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, astringent, bitter tonic, antihemorrhagic, antifungal, antibiotic
     Systems affected: digestive, circulatory
     Folk Use: Gastrointestinal ailments, lymphatics, urinary tract and respiratory infections. Bitter tonic. Antipyretic, antibiotic,
     astringent, antifungal. Used to treat diarrhea, respiratory infections, poor appetite, fever, candidiasis, hemorrhages. Reduce
     fever, calm the nerves, constrict capillary blood flow, reduce muscle spasms, lower blood pressure
     Traditional formulas: Cascara combination, Cascara and Dong Quai combination, Gentian and Cascara combination, Ginger
     and Barberry combination, Dandelion and Barberry combination

Bayberry (myrica cerifera)
     Properties: astringent, stimulant
     Systems affected: digestive, circulatory, structural
     Folk Use: Diaphoretic, diuretic, laxative. Eliminate toxins. Combat dysentery, diarrhea, fevers, uterine hemorrages. Polyps.
     Traditional formulas: Ginseng combination, Eyebright combination, Bayberry and Ginger combination

Bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) 
     Properties: bitter, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antispasmodic, decreases capillary permeability
     Systems affected: structural, circulatory
     Folk Use: Poor night vision, bruising, capillary fragility, varicose veins, poor circulation, raynaud's disease, circulation
     complications due to diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, periodontal disease
     Traditional formulas: Eyebright combination

Black Cohosh (cimifuga racemosa)
     Properties; bitter, astringent, antispasmodic, alterative, emmenagogue, diuretic, estrogenic
     Systems affected: reproductive, nervous, respiratory, circulatory
     Folk Use: Coughs, chest difficulties, diarrhea, irregular menstruation. Historically used for scarlet fever, measles, smallpox,
     asthma, scrofula, St. Vitus's dance, bronchitis, intercostal myalgia, sciatica, whooping cough, tinnitus, pericarditis, angina
     pectoris, gonorrhea, spermatorrhea, seminal emission, sexual weakness, dyspepsia, hysteria, menopause, general
     difficulties involving the female reproductive system. Used to heal sores, wounds. Dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, difficult
     pregnancy and childbirth
     Traditional formulas: Black Cohosh combination, Black Cohosh and Blessed Thistle combination, Black Cohosh and
     Raspberry combination, Black Cohosh and Goldenseal combination, Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Dandelion and Parsley
     combination, Valerian and Black Cohosh combination, White Willow and Valerian combination

Black Walnut  (juglans nigra)
     Properties: astringent, vermifuge, iodine source
     Systems affected: digestive, glandular
     Folk Use: Hemorrhoids, intestinal worms, wounds, bruises, thyroid deficiency conditions
     Traditional formulas: Chickweed and Cascara combination, Gentian and Cascara combination, Ginseng combination, Irish
     Moss and Kelp combination, Goldenseal and Bugleweed combination

Blessed Thistle herb (cinicus benedictus)
     Properties: bitter, galactagogue, emmenagogue, stimulant, diaphoretic, emetic
     Systems affected: digestive, glandular, circulatory, urinary
     Folk Use: Increase mother's milk, painful menstruation, emetic and expectorant, stimulate appetite, tonic to the digestive
     tract, diaphoretic
     Traditional formulas: Black Cohosh and Blessed Thistle combination, Black Cohosh and Goldenseal combination, False
     Unicorn and Goldenseal combination, Raspberry and Dong Quai combination, Dandelion and Parlsey combination, Yerba
     Santa combination

Blue Cohosh (caulophyllum thalictroides)
     Properties: bitter, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiseptic, estrogenic, laxative, vermifuge
     Systems affected: glandular, digestive
     Folk Use: Regulating menstrual cycle, combatting painful menstruation, induce labor, spasmodic dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea,
     premenstrual syndrome, candidiasis, vaginitis, fiberous cystic disease, constipation, vermifuge
     Traditional formulas: False Unicorn and Goldenseal combination

Boneset herb (eupatorium perfolium)
     Properties: bitter, diaphoretic, antipyretic, laxative, stimulant, expectorant
     Systems affected: cirulatory, structural, respiratory, urinary
     Folk Use: Healing of broken bones, fever, influenza, respiratory allergies, chills, rheumatism, bruises, urinary tract infection,
     jaundice
     Traditional formulas: Fenugreek combination

Bupleurum root (bupleurum chinense)
     Properties: bitter, antipyretic, diaphoretic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant
     Folk Use: Chinese herb to “reduce wood.” Spasmodic dysmenorrhea, PMS, fevers, depression, inflammatory skin conditions,
     tumors.
     Traditional formulas: Dong Quai and Peony combination, Bupleurum and Peony combination, Dandelion and Purslane
     Combination, Bupleurum and Cyperus combination, Pinellia and Citrus combination, Anemarrhena and Astragalus
     combination, Forsythia and Schizonepeta commbination

Burdock root (arctium lappa)
     Properties: mucilaginous, alterative, diuretic, diaphoretic, urinary tonic, demulcent
     Folk Use: Demulcent effects, alterative effects on blood and urinary system. Chinese say it heals “yang” (hot) conditions.
     Elimate nervous energy. Sweat out toxins, infections.
     Traditional formulas: Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Pau D'arco and Yellow Dock combination, Red Beet and Yellow Dock
     combination, Ephedra and Senega combination, Cedar Berry combination

Butcher's Broom (ruscus aculeatus)
     Properties: bitter, diuretic, antithrombotic, vasoconstrictor
     Systems affected: circulatory, urinary, structural
     Folk Use: Useful for circulatory ailments such as thrombosis, phlebitis, varicose veins and hermorrhoids. Has been used as a
     diuretic, an anti-inflammatory, and to prevent atherosclerosis and circulatory insufficiency.
     Traditional formulas: Black Cohosh combination

Capsicum fruit (capsicum annum)
     Properties: aromatic, stimulant, astringent, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, circulatory, tonic, carminative, rubifactient
     Systems affected: circulatory, digestive
     Folk Use: Pain relief of arthritis, female complaints, atheletics, infections, heart, laxative, diuretic, ulcers, thyroid balance, as
     a male tonic, for cleansing, for respiratory ailments
     Traditional formulas: Capsicum and Garlic combination, Hawthorn combination, Capsicum and Myrhh combination, Cascara
     Combination, Cascara and Dong Quai combination, Ginger Combination, Black Cohosh combination, Black Cohosh and
     Goldenseal combination, False Unicorn and Goldenseal combination, Ginseng combination, Ginseng and Saw Palmetto
     combination, Goldenseal and Juniper combination, Kelp combination, Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Parthenium and
     Goldenseal combination, Parthenium and Myrhh combination, Ginseng and Gotu Kola combination, Pollen and Ginseng
     combination, Valerian and Black Cohosh combination, Bayberry and Ginger combination, Ephedra and Senega combination,
     White Willow combination, White Willow and Valerian combination, Ginseng and Parsley combination

Cascara Sagrada (rhamnus purshiana)
     Properties: bitter, laxative, hepatic tonic, antispasmodic
     Systems affected: digestive, glandular
     Folk Use: Laxative, chronic constipation, liver complaints, dyspepsia, hemorrhoids
     Traditional formulas: Cascara combination, Cascara and Dong Quai combination, Chickweed and Cascara combination,
     Gentian and Cascara combination, Pumpkin and Cascara combination, Pau D'Arco and Yellow Dock combination

Catnip herb (nepeta cataria)
     Properties: aromatic, sedative, antispasmodic, carminative, emmenogogue
     Systems affected: nervous, digestive
     Folk Use: Insomnia, indigestion, nervousness, amenorrhea, flatulence, coughs, colds, fevers, colic
     Traditional formulas: Gentian and Cascara combination, Senna combination, Ginger and Barberry combination, Papaya and
     Peppermint combination, Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Ephedra and Passion Flower combination

Celery seed (apium graveolens)
     Properties: aromatic, ahtirheumatic, urinary antiseptic, blood purifier, antioxidant, sedative
     Systems affected: urinary, structural
     Folk Use: Depression, rheumatism, arthritis. Used as tonic, sedative and blood purifier. Treat urinary tract infection
     Traditional formulas: Alfalfa and Yucca combination

Chamomile flowers (anthemis noblis)
     Properties: aromatic, carminative, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, stimulant, antifungal, nervine
     Systems affected: urinary, nervous, digestive, circulatory
     Folk Use: Used to tint hair, as a douche, and as a flavoring. Is the most popular herbal tea flavor in the world. Antimicrobial,
     anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial.
     Traditional formulas: Plantain combination, Dandelion and Parsley combination, Chamomile and Passion Flower combination,
     Chamomile and Rose Hips combination, Uva Ursi combination

Chaparral herb (larrea tridenta)
     Properties: bitter, antiseptic, antibiotic, parasiticide, alterative, expectorant, diuretic
     Systems affected: digestive, respiratory, circulatory
     Folk Use: Used for arthritis, cancer, venereal disease, tuberculosis, bowel cramps, rheumatism, colds. Is antimicrobial,
     antioxidant, and antispasmodic.
     Traditional formulas: Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Pau D'arco and Yellow Dock combination, Ephedra and Senega
     combination, Cedar Berry combination

Chickweed herb (stellaria media)
     Properties: bitter, diuretic, demulcent, antipyretic
     Systems affected: circulatory, respiratory, urinary, digestive
     Folk Use: As a poultice on external abcesses and rashes. As a diuertic, eyewash, and as an expectorant.
     Traditional formulas: Chickwee and Cascara combination, Gentian and Cascara combination, Ginseng and Saw Palmetto
     combination, Red Beet and Yellow Dock combination

Comfrey leaf (symphytum officinale)
     Properties: mucilaginous, demulcent, alterative, vulnery, astringent
     Systems affected: digestive, liver
     Folk Use: As a poultice for bone knitting, fractures, as a pomade in the treatment of cuts, burns, skin ulcers, varicose veins,
     bronchitis, rheumatism. Has sedative, diuretic and laxative properties.
     Traditional formulas: Gentian and Cascara combination, Comfrey combination

Cranberry fruit (vaccinum macrocarpon)
     Properties: bitter, urinary acidifier, diuretic
     Systems affected: urinary
     Folk Use: preventing chronic urinary tract infections, deodorizing the urine, kidney ailments

Damiana leaf (turnera diffusa)
     Properties: aromatic, diuretic, laxative, blood purifier, expectorant, aphrodesiac
     Systems affected: circulatory, digestive
     Folk Use: diuretic, laxative, blood purifier, expectorant. Used to treat coughs, colds, enuresis, nephritis, headaches,
     dysmenorrhea. Said to be an aphrodesiac.
     Traditional formulas: Ginseng and Saw Palmetto combination

Dandelion root (taraxacum dens-lionis)
     Properties: bitter, hepatonic, diuretic, stomachic, lithotriptic, astringent, cholagogue, galactogogue
     Systems affected: digestive, glandular, circulatory
     Folk Use: laxative, tonic, diuretic. To treat liver and spleen ailments, heartburn, rheumatism, gout, eczema
     Traditional formulas: Chickweed and Cascara combination, Gentian and Cascara combination, Licorice combination,
     Goldenseal and Juniper combination, Alfalfa and Dandelion combination, Dandelion and Parsley combination, Dandelion and
     Barberry combination, Pau D'arco and Yellow Dock combination, Dandelion and Purslane combination, Uva Ursi combination

Devil's Claw root (harpagophytum procumbens)
     Properties; bitter, antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic
     Systems affected: immune, structural
     Folk Use: To reduce pain and inflammation of arthritis, reduce cholesterol and uric acid levels. A blood purifier.
     Traditional formulas: White Willow and Valerian combination

Dong Quai root (angelica sinensis)
     Properties: aromatic, uterine tonic, estrogenic, antispasmodic, alterative, liver tonic, hypotensive
     Systems affected: reproductive, structural, circulatory
     Folk Use: Used by Chinese to increase blood flow to the female reproductive organs. A menstrual balancer, aphrodesiac,
     postpartum healer. Used in hemorrhages, colds, fluxes, dyspepsia, ague, anemia.
     Traditional combinations: Biota and Zizyphus combination, Cascara and Dong Quai combination, Ginseng and Licorice
     combination, Papaya and Peppermint combination, Slippery Elm combination, Black Cohosh combination, Black Cohosh and
     Goldenseal combination, Raspberry and Dong Quai combination, Dong Quai and Peony combination, Ginger and Dong Quai
     combination, Bupleurum and Peony combination, Astragalus and Ganoderma combination, Bupleurum and Cyperus
     combination, Anemarrhena and Astragalus combination, Forsythia and Schizonepeta combination, Eucommia and
     Achyranthes combination

Echinacea root (echinacea purpurea)
     Properties: bitter, immune stimulant, alterative, antimicrobial, vasodilator sialagogue, analgesic
     Systems affected: immune, respiratory, digestive
     Folk Use: Poisonous bites of insects and snames, gangrene, carbuncles, abcesses. Has bacteriostatic and fungistatic
     properties. Used today primarily to build resistance to infections of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
     Traditional formulas: Goldenseal and Bugleweed combination, Goldenseal and Echinacea combination

Elecampane root (inula helenium)
     Properties: aromatic, anthelmintic, bactericidal, fungicidal, expectorant, sedative
     Systems affected: digestive, respiratory
     Folk Use: As an expectorant to treat respiratory disorders including asthma and bronchitis. As a vermifuge, bactericide and
     fungicide.
     Traditional formulas: Elecampane combination

Ephedra herb (ephedra sinica)
     Properties: bitter, stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant, astringent
     Systems affected: circulatory, respiratory, glandular
     Folk Use: As a decongestant and anti-asthmatic agent. As a cardiac stimulant and central nervous system stimulant. To
     lessen hunger. To increase cirulation and blood pressure. Reduce fatigue.
     Traditional formulas: Pinellia and Citrus combination, Ephedra and Passion Flower combination, Ephedra and Senega
     combination

Eyebright (euphrasia officinalis)
     Properties: astringent, alterative, hepatonic
     Systems affected: digestive, circulatory, eyes
     Folk Use: As an eyewash. As an antimicrobial and antibiotic. As an astringent. Blood purifier that enhances liver function.
     Traditional formulas: Eyebright combination

Fennel seed (foeniculum vulagare)
     Properties: aromatic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial
     Systems affected: digestive, urinary, respiratory
     Folk Use: Used as a carminative and to suppress the appetite. During the Middle Ages it was believed to convey longevity,
     strength and courage. As a poultice for snake bites. Acts as an expectorant, diuretic and general tonic. Antimicrobial.
     Traditional formulas: Cascara and Dong Quai combination, Chickweed and Cascara combination, Senna combination, Ginger
     and Barberry combination, Papaya and Peppermint combination, Ginseng combination, Licorice and Red Beet combination,
     Dandelion and Barberry combination, Chamomile and Passion Flower combination, Fenugreek combination

Fenugreek seed (trigonella foenum-gracum)
     Properties: mucilaginous, expectorant, tonic, astringent, demulcent, emollient
     Systems affected: digestive, respiratory, urinary
     Folk Use: To lower blood sugar levels. As an expectorant and for lung healing. To relieve symptoms of allergies and to resolve
     unproductive coughs.
     Traditional formulas: Gentian and Cascara combination, Fenugreek combination, Fenugreek and Thyme combination,
     Marshmallow and Fenugreek combination

Feverfew leaf (chrysantemum parthenium)
     Properties: bitter, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, tranquilizer, emmenogogue
     Systems affected: circulatory, nervous, structural
     Folk Use: Migraine headaches, fever, arthritis. Menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea, asthma, inflammatory skin conditions. Has a
     mild sedative effect.
     Traditional formulas: Chamomile and Passion Flower combination

Garlic bulb (allium sativum)
     Properties: aromatic, alterative, stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant, antispasmodic, nervine, carminative, vulnery
     Systems affected: circulatory, immune, respiratory, digestive
     Folk Use: Antibiotic. Antimicrobial. Antifungal. Paraciticidal. Antithrombotic. Vasodilator. Expectorant. Digestive Aid. To
     boost immune system. To lower cholesterol. To lower blood pressure. To fight infections. To ease bronchial secretions. To
     lower blood sugar. To stimulate the flow of urine and production of bile.
     Tradtional combinations: Capsicum and Garlic combination, Garlic combination, Hawthorn combination, Ginseng and Saw
     Palmetto combination, Goldenseal and Juniper combination.

Gentian root (gentian lucea)
     Properties: bitter, bitter tonic, anti-inflammatory, appetite stimulant
     Systems affected: digestive
     Folk Use: stimulate the appetite, improve digestion by improving production of digestive enzymes and fluids, tone the
     digestive tract. Has been used to treat chronic stomachache, gastritis, diarrhea, hearburn, nausa, anorexia, jaundice, throat
     inflammation, arthritis.
     Traditional combinations: Gentian and Cascara combination, Ginseng combination, Dandelion and Parsley combination

Ginger root (zingiber officinale)
     Properties: aromatic, diaphoretic, stimulant, carminative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic
     Systems affected: digestive, circulatory, structural
     Folk Use: As a food flavoring. To treat indigestion, flatulence, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Considered carminative,
     aphrodesiac, tonic, aperative and stomachic. Useful for stomachache, indigestion, malaria, and fever. Especially useful for
     motion sickness and morning sickness.
     Traditional formulas: Garlic combination, Agastache and Shengu combination, Cascara combination, Cascara and Dong Quai
     combination, Ginger combination, Senna combination, Ginger and Barberry combination, Ginseng and Licorice combination,
     Papaya and Peppermint combination, Slippery Elm combination, Black Cohosh combination, Black Cohosh and Goldenseal
     combination, False Unicorn and Goldenseal combination, Raspberry and Dong Quai combination, Ginger and Dong Quai
     combination, Bupleurum and Peony combination, Fushen and Dragon Bone combination, Bupleurum and Cyperus
     combination, Pinellia and Citrus combination, Bayberry and Ginger combination, White Willow and Valerian combination,
     Alisma and Hoelen combination, Ginseng and Parsley combination

Ginkgo leaf (ginkgo biloba)
     Properties: bitter, peripheral vasodilator, circulatory stimulant, antioxidant
     Systems affected: circulatory, nervous
     Folk Use: Improve circulation, increase peripheral blood flow. Useful in treating age related brain disorders, cerebral and
     vascular insufficiency, raynaud's disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema. To prevent strokes. Increase energy, decrease
     blood clotting. Antioxidant. Improve concentration. Improve hearing.
     Traditional formulas: Ginkgo and Hawthorn combination, Ginseng and Phaffia combination

Goldenseal root (hydrastis canadensis)
     Properties: bitter, stimulant, antiseptic, alterative, diuretic, emmenagogue, astrigent, hepatonic
     Systems affected: digestive, respiratory, glandular, circulatory
     Folk Use: Vasoconstricting effects make it useful to tone mucous membranes, especially for gastric and digestive
     complaints. Used to treat nosebleeds, hemorrhages and bleeding. Used to cleanse the eye and for conjunctivitis. Hemostatic.
     Acts as a uterine stimulant. Improve the appetite, assist digestion by stimulating the production of bile. Used in stomach
     ulcers. Antibiotic. Used to treat infections. Relieves mouth, gum, uterine and vaginal ulcers. Useful for herpes, eczema and
     smallpox. Helps heal damaged or infected tissues. Seems to lower blood sugar.
     Traditional formulas: Garlic combination, Capscicum and Myrhh combination, Cascara and Dong Quai combination, Gentian
     and Cascara combination, Ginger combination, Comfrey combination, Black Cohosh combination, Black Cohosh and
     Goldenseal combination, False Unicorn and Goldenseal combination, Goldenseal and Juniper combination, Eyebright
     combination, Goldenseal and Bugleweed combination, Parthenium and Goldenseal combination, Chamomile and Rose Hips
     combination, Ephedra and Senega combination, Cedar Berry combination, Ginseng and Parsley combination

Gotu Kola leaf (centella asiatica)
     Properties: bitter, alterative, antipyretic, brain tonic, nervine, diuretic
     Systems affected: nervous, urinary, circulatory
     Folk Use: As a nerve tonic. For epilepsy, schizophrenia, memory loss. According to Chinese, it increases longevity and brain
     function. Used to treat fever and inflammations. Used for skin conditions including ulcerations and leprosy. Used to treat
     dystentary, ulcers, cholera, headache, stomachache. Has antibiotic activity. Is bactericidal, fungicidal, ameobacidal,
     insecticidal. Speeds wound healing. Used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers. Is a diuretic and blood purifier. Helps lower
     cholesterol. Antispasmodic.
     Traditional formulas: Chickweed and Cascara combination, Black Cohosh combination, Ginseng and Saw Palmetto
     combination, Ginseng and Phaffia combination, Ginseng and Gotu Kola combination, Pollen and Ginseng combination

Gymnema leaf (gymnema sylvestre)
     Properties; bitter, hypoglycemic
     Systems affected: glandular, digestive
     Folk Use: To block sweet tastes, to lower blood sugar. Helpful in diabetes. Appetite suppressant.
     Traditional formulas: Gymnema combination

Hawthorn berries (crataegus oxycantha)
     Properties: bitter, cardiac tonic, diuretic, astringent, sedative
     Systems affected: circulatory, digestive
     Folk Use: As a heart tonic. To treat both high and low blood pressure, rapid pulse, arythmia. Protects against angina pain.
     Used for atherosclerosis. To treat rheumatism. Used as a digestive aid. Causes dilation of blood vessels, and a reduction in
     blood pressure.
     Traditional formulas: Ginkgo and Hawthorn combination, Hawthorn combination, Chickweed and Cascara combination,
     Licorice and Red Beet combination

Hibiscus flower (hibiscus sabdariffa)
     Properties: astringent, antiseptic, diuretic, antispasmodic, digestive aid
     Systems affected: digestive, structural
     Folk Use: To calm muscle spasms. As a diuretic and laxative.
     Traditional formulas: Psyllium combination

Hops flowers (humulus lupulus)
     Properties: bitter, diuretic, nervine, antispasmodic, bitter tonic, sedative
     Systems affected: digestive, urinary, respiratory
     Folk Use: As a calmative, nervine, stomachic, sedative and hypnotic. To alleviate stomach conditions. To bring on sleep.
     Acts as a diuretic and vermifuge. Has expectorant and antispasmodic properties.
     Traditional formulas: Kelp combination, Chamomile and Passion Flower combination, Scullcap combination, Valerian and
     Black Cohosh combination, White Willow and Valerian combination

Horseradish root (armoracia rusticana)
     Properties: bitter, expectorant, counterirratant
     Systems affected: respiratory, digestive
     Folk Use: Irritates mucous membranes, which elicits sympathetic response in production of mucous by various membranes
     in the body. Acts as an expectorant. Is useful in bronchitis, as a diuretic, and in respiratory allergies. Immune stimulant.
     Traditional formulas: Licorice combination, Dandelion and Barberry combination, Rose Hips and Broccoli combination,
     Fenugreek combination

Horsetail herb (equisetum arvense)
     Properties: bitter, diuretic, hemostatic, vulnerary, emmenagogue, carminative
     Systems affected: urinary, digestive
     Folk Use: Gout, joint inflammation, as a diuretic and astringent. Induces perspiration. Is a urinary astringent that helps control
     incontinence and tone kidneys and bladder. Useful in eye problems (internally, as well as as as an eyewash), hermorrhoids,
     menstrual clots. Commonly used to treat tumors. Antispasmodic,. Antibacterial. Fights infections. Source of trace minerals,
     especially silica.
     Traditional formulas: Ginseng and Saw Palmetto combination, Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Dandelion and Parsley
     combination, Horsetail and Gelatin combination, Marshmallow and Plantain combination

Hydrangea root (hydrangea arborescens)
     Properties: bitter, diuretic, laxative, cathartic
     Systems affected: urinary, digestive
     Folk Use: To break up lumps and tumors. Urinary system problems including kidney stones, bladder stones, incontinence,
     dysuria, benign prostatic hypertrophy. As a blood purifier. Increases urine output and has a laxative effect. Helps eliminate
     kidney stones. Said to inhibit tumor formation and reduce inflammation.
     Tradtional formulas: Alfalfa and Yucca combination

Juniper Berry (juniperus communis)
     Properties: aromatic, diuretic, antiseptic, blood purifier, antirheumatic
     Systems affected: urinary, glandular
     Folk Use: As a diuretic. Antiseptic both topically and internally. Useful for psoriasis. Useful for infections, especially of the
     prostate and urinary system, and for benign prostatic hypertrophy. Acts as a blood purifier and disinfectant. To overcome
     bacterial and yeast infections.
     Traditional formulas: Ginger and Dong Quai combination, Goldenseal and Juniper combination, Uva Ursi combination

Kelp herb (fucus vesiculosis)
     Properties: mucilaginous, demulcent, emollient, iodine source
     Systems affected: digestive, glandular
     Folk Use: As a mineral supplement, especially for its iodine content. Used to treat hypothyroidism and obesity. As a blood
     purifier. To treat atherosclerosis and rheumatism.
     Traditional formulas: Black cohosh combination, Irish Moss and Kelp combination, Kelp combination, Alflalfa and Dandelion
     combination, Pollen and Ginseng combination

Licorice root (glycyrrhiza glabra)
     Properties: bitter, expectorant, laxative, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, demulcent, antiulcer
     Systems affected: glandular, digestive, respiratory
     Folk Use: As a tonic, and for sore throats, colds and coughs. Acts as a cough suppressant, expectorant, laxative, and is
     used to treat some cancers. Once used as a sweetening agent in drug and herbal compounds. As an aphrodesiac,
     emmenagogue, galactogogue. Useful for gastic and duodenal ulcers, bronchial asthma, infections, malaria, diabetes,
     dermatitis. Antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, laxative, antiulcer, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, immune stimulant.
     Traditional formulas: Agastache and Shengu combination, Cascara combination, Chickweed and Cascara combination,
     Ginger combination, Ginger and Licorice combination, Psyllium combination, Black Cohosh combination, Black Cohosh and
     Blessed Thistle combination, Licorice combination, Raspberry and Dong Quai combination, Rehmannia and Ophiopogon
     combination, Ginseng combination, Goldenseal and Juniper combination, Licorice and Red Beet combination, Bupleurum and
     Peony combination, Astragalus and Ganoderma combination, Dandelion and Purslane combination, Fushen and Dragon
     Bone combination, Pollen and Ginseng combination, Bupleurum and Cyperus combination, Pinellia and Citrus combination,
     Forsythia and Schizonepeta combination, Alisma and Hoelen combination

Lobelia leaves (lobelia inflata)
     Properties: bitter, nervine, antispasmodic, emetic, expectorant
     Systems affected: respiratory, nervous, circulatory, digestive
     Folk Use: Antispasmodic, antiasthmatic, diaphoretic, expectorant, emetic, sedative. Used for asthma, whooping cough,
     bruises, ulcers, inflammations, sprains, ringworm, swelling, insect bites, poison ivy. In large doses is a purgative.
     Traditional formulas: Cascara combination, Ephedra and Senega combination

Milk Thistle leaf (silybum marianum)
     Properties: bitter, liver protectant, antioxidant, liver rejuvenator
     Systems affected: digestive, circulatory
     Folk Use: To treat liver disorders, prevent liver damage. Antioxidant. Useful for cirrosis, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver deposits,
     inflammatory skin conditions, jaundice.
     Traditional formulas: Dandelion and Barberry combination, Dandelion and Parsley combination

Mullein leaf (verbascum thapsus)
     Properties: mucilaginous, expectorant, diuretic, astringent, antispasmodic
     Systems affected: respiratory, digestive
     Folk Use: Used to treat colds, coughs, croup, bronchitis, asthma, hemorrhoids, ulcers, inflammatory skin disorders,
     earaches, lung congestion.
     Traditional formulas: Pumpkin and Cascara combination, Goldenseal and Juniper combination, Red Beet and Yellow Dock
     combination, Fenugreek combination, Ephedra and Passion Flower combination

Nettle leaf (urtica dioica)
     Properties: bitter, diuretic, hemostatic, antitumor, antiseptic, emmenogogue, expectorant, vermifuge, antispasmodic
     Systems affected: urinary, respiratory, glandular, digestive
     Folk Use: Blood purifier, laxative, diuretic. Used to increase liver and kidney function. Has been used to treat asthma, ulcers,
     bronchitis, jaundice, nephritis, hemorrhoids, dysmenorrhea
     Traditional formulas: Red Beet and Yellow Dock combination

Oatgrass (avena sativa) also known as Oatstraw
     Properties: mucilaginous, antidepressant, diuretic, source of nutrients
     Systems affected: nervous, structural
     Folk Use: Said to relive hysteria and balance menstrual cycles. Used for osteoporosis, urinary tract infections. Very high in
     magnesium, deficiencies of which are linked to menstrual disorders, irritability, poor calcium absorption. Recently oatgrass
     has become very popular as an aphrodesiac.
     Traditional formulas: Marshmallow and Plantain combination

Panax Ginseng (panax ginseng) commonly known as Korean Ginseng or Chinese Ginseng
     Properties: bitter, adaptogen, circulatory, stimulant, cardiac tonic, liver tonic, alterative
     Systems affected: immune, circulatory, glandular
     Folk Use: Chinese believe that Ginseng can “modify favorably” the course of tuberculosis, coughs, nausea, diabetes,
     indigestion, diarrhea, kidney degeneration, gout, rheumatism, carbuncles, enuresis, insomnia, leprosy, and radiation
     poisoning. It is a general tonic. It is used for weakness of organs, longevity, sexual indifference and impotence. It is believed
     to be a male aphrodesiac. Stimulates immune function, and can act as a stimulant for the brain, heart, and general
     metabolism. It stimulates the central nervous system, and helps lower blood sugar. It is generally used for anemia,
     depression, any chronic disease of the heart or blood vessels, and after surgery, during convalescence, for infections, and for
     general “old age.”
     Traditional formulas: Garlic combination, Biota and Zizyphys combination, Agastache and Shengu combination, Ginseng and
     Licorice combination, Dong Quai and Peony combination, Ginseng combination, Ginseng and Saw Palmetto combination,
     Bupleurum and Peony combination, Astragalus and Ganoderma combination, Dandelion and Purslane combination, Ginseng
     and Pfaffia combination, Fushen and Dragon Bone combination, Bupleurum and Cyperus combination, Eucommia and
     Achyranthes combination

Papaya fruit (carica papaya)
     Properties: bitter, digestive aid, vermifuge
     Systems affected: digestive
     Folk Use: To eliminate parasites and microbes, to help digest proteins into amino acids and peptides, and to digests
     carbohydrates and fats into useful compounds. Sold commerically as a meat tenderizer.
     Traditional formulas: Chickweed and Cascara combination, Papaya and Peppermint combination

Parsley herb (petroselinum crispum)
     Properties: aromatic, diuretic, urinary tonic, carminative
     Systems affected: urinary, digestive
     Folk Use: To reduce mouth odors, as a diuretic, laxative, emmenagogue. Used as a tonic for the urinary system, aids in
     difficult urination, kidney stones, gallstones, jaundice, menstrual difficulties, asthma, coughs, indigestion, dropsy. Has
     antimicrobial and antipyretic properties.
     Traditional formulas: Garlic combination, Capsicum and Garlic combination, Ginger and Dong Quai combination, Irish Moss
     and Kelp combination, Kelp combination, Dandelion and Barberry combination, Dandelion and Parsley combination, Rose
     Hips and Broccoli combination, Parsley and Senega combination, Ginseng and Parsley combination, Uva Ursi combination

Parthenium root (parthenium integrifolia)
     Properties: mucilaginous, immune stimulant, antimicrobial
     Systems affected: immune, respiratory, digestive
     Folk Use: Debility, fatigue, respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infection, venereal diseases. To mobilize and activate natural
     killer cells and other immune cells. Similar to and at works at least as well as echinacea.
     Traditional formulas: Parthenium and Goldenseal combination, Parthenium and Myrhh combination

Passion Flower (passiflora incarnata)
     Properties: bitter, central nervous system depressant, antispasmodic
     Systems affected: nervous, skeletal
     Folk Use: To treat pain and insomnia. To treat imbalances of the nervous system, including nervous tension and headaches.
     Sedative. To relieve smooth muscle spasms, dysmenorrhea, colic, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, blood pressure, epilepsy.
     Traditional formulas: Chamomile and Passion Flower combination, Valerian and Black Cohosh combination, Ephedra and
     Passion Flower combination

Pau D'Arco inner bark (tabebuia heptaphylla) also known as Taheebo, Ipe or Lapacho
     Properties: astringent, antifungal, antitumor
     Systems affected: digestive, circulatory, structural
     Folk Use: Used externally as a poultice or decoction for treating skin diseases including eczema, psoriasis, fungal infections,
     hemorrhoids, skin cancers. Internally, used as blood purifier, to treat ulcers, rheumatism, leukemia. Is diuretic and
     antipyretic. Antifungal activity said to treat systemic yeast infections like candida albicans.
     Traditional formulas: Pau D'Arco and Yellow Dock combination

Peppermint leaf (metha piperita)
     Properties: aromatic, stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative, antimicrobial, astringent
     Systems affected: digestive, circulatory, respiratory
     Folk Use: To aid in digestion. Antispasmodic useful for relieving menstrual cramps and nausea. To stimulate circulation. Has
     stomachic and carminative properties. Expectorant. To alleviate systoms of colds, flu, fevers, nervous disorders, flatulence,
     colic, rheumatism. Acts as a local anesthetic. Is antimicrobial and antiviral. Has anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties.
     Traditional formulas: Ginger and Barberry combination, Papaya and Peppermint combination, Ginseng combination,
     Chamomile and Rose Hips combination

Plantain seed (plantago major)
     Properties: mucilaginous, antidiarrheal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, candidistatic
     Systems affected: digestive, immune
     Folk Use: Stimulates the immune system. Used to treat diarrhea, dysentary, inflammatory bowel conditions, hemorrhoids,
     breast cancer, thrush, colon cancer. Also used as a stop smoking aid.
     Traditional formulas: Plantain combination, Goldenseal and Bugleweed combination, Marshmallow and Plantain combination

Pollen also known as Bee Pollen
     Properties: nutrient source, immune stimulant
     Systems affected: digestive, immune
     Folk Use: To treat allergies, improve stamina, add longevity. Concentrated, compete energy source with approximately 30%
     protein and over 50% carbohydrates.
     Traditional formulas: Ginseng combination, Pollen and Ginseng combination

Psyllium Seed and Psyllium Hull (plantago psyllium)
     Properties: mucilaginous, demulcent, diuretic, laxative
     Systems affected: digestive
     Folk Use: As a bulk laxative. In India, also used as a diuretic, and in China, is used to treat bloody urine, coughs, and high
     blood pressure.
     Traditional formulas: Gymnema combination, Psyllium combination

Red Clover flower (trifolium pratense)
     Properties: alterative, bitter, diuretic, expectorant, cholagogue, antispasmodic, antirheumatic, estrogenic
     Systems affected: digestive, urinary, respiratory, glandular
     Folk Use: Used to eliminate lumps and tumors. Has diuretic, expectorant, antispasmodic, and estrogenic properties. Is a
     blood purifier, increases production of urine and mucous, promotes menstrual flow. Used for cancer, rheumatism, jaundice,
     inflammatory skin conditions, spasmodic dysmenorrhea, bronchitis.
     Traditional formulas: Cascara combination, Pau D'Arco and Yellow Dock combination, Rose Hips and Broccoli combination

Red Raspberry leaf (rubus idaeus)
     Properties: astringent, antispasmodic, stimulant
     Systems affected: digestive, urinary, circulatory
     Folk Use: Used as a female tonic for relieving excessive menstrual flow, to relive nausea, prevent nausea, prevent spotting, to
     tone the uterus in preparation for childbirth, to reduce the pain of childbirth. Use with chidlren to relieve diarrhea, flue and
     vomiting. Richest herbal source of manganese.
     Traditional formulas: Cascara and Dong Quai combination, Black Cohosh and Goldenseal combination, Black Cohosh and
     Raspberry combination, False Unicorn and Goldenseal Combination, Eyebright combination

Rose Hips fruit (rosa canina)
     Properties: astringent, nutrient source, antiseptic, antispasmodic
     Systems affected: immune, structural
     Folk Use: High in vitamins and minerals, especially Vitamin C. Popular in treating stress, infection, diarrhea, thrist, gastritis.
     To help strengthen capillary fragility and connective tissue.
     Traditional formulas: Plantain combination, Dandelion and Barberry combination, Rose Hips and Broccoli, combination, Pollen
     and Ginseng combination, Chamomile and Rose Hips combination

Safflower (carthamus tinctorius)
     Properties: bitter, diaphoretic, diuretic, laxative
     Systems affected: digestive, urinary, laxative
     Folk Use: Children's complaints including fever, measles, chicken pox. Used to regulate menstrual disorders and calm
     nerves. Used to treat dysmenorrhea, liver disorders, fevers.
     Traditional formulas: Chickweed and Cascara combination, Gentian and Cascara combination, Licorice combination, Ginseng
     combination

Sage leaf (salvia officinalis)
     Properties: aromatic, stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic, antiseptic, immune stimulant
     Systems affected: digestive, nervous, lymphatic
     Folk Use: Used as a mouthwash, gargle, for fevers and upset stomach. Has antioxidant activity. Acts as a stimulant,
     astringent, carminative. Used to treat dyspepsia, to treat sore throats, tonsillitis, stomatitis, gingivitis, headaches, night
     sweats. Chinese use it for “yin” conditions including weaknesses of the stomach, nerves and digestive system. It is
     antihydrotic (decreases perspiration). Antimicrobial, antispasmodic, carminative. Stimulates production of digestive fluids,
     relaxes smooth muscles.
     Traditional formulas: Chamomile and Rose Hips combination, Horsetail and Gelatin combination

Sarsaparilla root (smilax officinalis)
     Properties: bitter, antirheumatic, antiseptic, digestive aid, antipyretic, blood purifier
     Systems affected: immune, digestive
     Folk Use: Blood purifier. Used to treat rheumatism, arthritis, inflammatory bowel conditions, skin inflammations. Is antibiotic.
     Traditional formulas: Black Cohosh and Blessed Thistle combination, Ginseng and Saw Palmetto combination, Irish Moss
     and Kelp combination, Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Pau D'Arco and Yellow Dock combination

Saw Palmetto berry (serenoa repens)
     Properties: bitter, antiandrogenic, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine
     Systems affected: urinary, structural
     Folk Use: Increase male fertility, increase breast size in women, reduce enlarged prostates, relieve inflammation and pain of
     benign prostatic hypertrophy.
     Traditional formulas: Ginseng and Saw Palmetto combination

Schizandra fruit (schizandra chinensis)
     Properties: bitter, adaptogen, expectorant, antitussive, central nervous system depressant, antihepatotoxic
     Systems affected: immune, nervous, respiratory, digestive
     Folk Use: To suppress coughs. To calm the nervous system. To increase the enzymatic metabolism of toxins in the liver
     (aids detoxification). To increase the production of digestive enzymes. Adaptogen. Antitussive. To relieve stress.
     Traditional formulas: Biota and Zizyphus combination, Rehmannia and Ophiopogon combination, Astragalus and Ganoderma
     combination, Pollen and Ginseng combination, Pinella and Citrus combination, Anemarrhena and Astragalus combination

Scullcap herb (scutellaria lateriflora)
     Properties: aromatic, anticonvulsive, antispasmodic, antibacterial, sedative
     Systems affected: nervous, structural
     Folk Use: Historically had reputation for curing rabies. Is a tonic and antispasmodic. Has been used for cholera, convulsions,
     tetanus, tremors, delirium tremens, insomnia, hysteria, nervous tension, St. Vitus' dance, muscular twitching, hyperesthesia,
     neuralgia, anuresis, paralysis agitans. Antibacterial, sedative.
     Traditional formulas: Scullcap combination, Valerien and Black Cohosh combination, Yerba Santa combination

Senna leaf (cassia senna)
     Properties: bitter, laxative
     Systems affected: digestive
     Folk Use: Popularly used as a laxative. Also, to reduce fevers. Antispasmodic. Senna causes gripping (cramping) unless
     taken with carminative herbs such as ginger, cloves, or various mints.
     Traditional formulas: Senna combination

Siberian Ginseng (eleuthrococcus senticosus)
     Properties: bitter, adaptogen, immune stimulant, hypoglycemic, circulatory stimulant
     Systems affected: immune, circulatory, glandular
     Folk Use: Used primarily to enhance endurance, regulate blood sugar, stimulate immune function. Used to treat
     hypoglycemia, lethargy, immune deficiency, and to improve memory, appetite, and general health. Said to normalize blood
     pressure and blood sugar, and to stimulate adrenal and thyroid hormones. To mobilize and activate natural killer cells.
     Traditional formulas: Garlic combination, Black Cohosh and Blessed Thistle combination, Ginseng combination, Ginseng and
     Saw Palmetto combination, Ginseng and Phaffia combination, Rose Hips and Broccoli combination, Ginseng and Gotu Kola
     combination, Pollen and Ginseng combination, Cedar Berry combination, Ginseng and Parsley combination

Slippery Elm inner bark (ulmus fulva)
     Properties: mucilaginous, demulcent, nutrient source, emollient, astringent
     Systems affected: digestive, structural, respiratory
     Folk Use: As a poultice for wounds and burns. Internally, as a tea, used to soothe the membranes of the throat, stomach and
     intestines. Used to treat respiratory infections. Is demulcent, emollient, and has wound-healing properties. Lowers bowel
     transit time, absorbs toxins from the colon, regulates internal flora, soothes the digestive tract. Expectorant.
     Traditional formulas: Pumpkin and Cascara combination, Comfrey combination, Plantain combination, Slippery Elm
     combination, Ginseng combination, Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Chamomile and Rose Hips combination, Ephedra and
     Passion Flower combination, Marshmallow and Plantain combination.

Spirulina algae (spirulina spp.)
     Properties: nutrient source
     Systems affected: digestive
     Folk Use: Highly concentrated, very bioavailable source of vitamins, minerals, and protein.

Tea Tree Oil (melaleuca alternifolia)
     Properties: aromatic, antiseptic
     Systems affected: structural, digestive
     Folk Use: Used topically for all skin ailments, cuts, burns, acne, cold sores, irritations of mouth and throat.
     Traditional formulas: Generally used in soothing ointment bases.

Thyme leaf (thymus vulgaris)
     Properties: aromatic, antiseptic, antihelmintic, astringent, carminative, antispasmodic
     Systems affected: digestive, structural, circulatory
     Folk Use: Antioxidant. Is antispasmodic and carminative. Used in mouthwashes. Used as anthelmintic, sedative, diaphoretic,
     expectorant. Used in feminine hygeine products. Stimulates production of gastric fluids and mucous.
     Traditional formulas: Fenugreek and Thyme combination

Turmeric herb (curcuma longa)
     Properties: aromatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiseptic
     Systems affected: digestive, reproductive
     Folk Use: Anti-inflammatory useful in treating hepatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, bruises, colic, dysmenorrhea. Used to
     treat ulcers and hemorrhages. Is antiseptic. Useful to remove parasites and treat yeast infections. Increases the production of
     enzymes in the liver, assisting in detoxification much as does schizandra, milk thistle, and licorice. Useful for flatulence.
     Traditional formulas: Elecampane combination

Uva Ursi herb (arctostaphylos uva ursi) also known as “bearberry”
     Properties: bitter, diuretic, astringent, antiseptic
     Systems affected: urinary
     Folk Use: As a urinary astringent. Used to help correct bedwetting, bladder diseases, cystitis, kidney congestion, kidney and
     urinary tract infections. Helps dissolve kidney stones. Helpful in prostate troubles. To disinfect the urinary tract and stimulate
     the production of urine. High in beta-carotene.
     Traditional formulas: False Unicorn and Goldenseal combination, Ginger and Dong Quai combination, Goldenseal and Juniper
     combination, Ginseng and Parsley combination, Uva Ursi combination

Valerian root (valeriana officinalis)
     Properties: aromatic, nervine, antispasmodic
     Systems affected: nervous, structural
     Folk Use: Used as a nervine, antispasmodic, and stomachic. Used to treat emotional and mental problems including hysteria
     and hypochondria. Used for migraines, insomnia and depression. Seems to intoxicate cats. Used for nervousness,
     convulsions, and unruly children. Used for bruises, coughs, croup, fevers, epilepsy. Is analgesic and antibacterial. Soothes
     the central nervous system, increases heart action and temperature, stimulates circulation.
     Traditional formulas: Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Scullcap combination, Valerian and Black Cohosh combination, White
     Willow combination, White Willow and Valerian combination

White Oak bark (quercus alba)
     Properties: astringent
     Systems affected: structural, digestive
     Folk Use: Contains high amounts of calcium. Topically and internally used for hemorrhoids. Used to halt diarrhea and
     dysentary. Used in gargles and as an emetic.
     Traditional formulas: Goldenseal and Juniper combination

White WIllow bark (salix alba)
     Properties: bitter, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiseptic
     Systems affected: structural, nervous, circulatory
     Folk Use: White Willow bark is the original, natural source of “Aspirin” before aspirin became a sythesized drug. Used as an
     antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, to treat headache, digestive problems, dandruff, eye problems, malaria, chills, flu,
     exzema, nosebleed. To ease aches and pains of sore muscles and rheumatism. Used to treat earaches, corns, and gout.
    Topically, a decoction may be used to remove warts.
     Traditional formulas: Alfalfa and Yucca combination, White Willow combination, White Willow and Valerian combination

Wild Yam root (dioscorea villosa)
     Properties: bitter, antispasmodic, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic
     Systems affected: glandular, circulatory, digestive
     Folk Use: Has a reputation as a female contraceptive. Contains compounds similar in chemical structure to steroids.
     Antispasmodic. Antirheumatic. Used to treat muscle spasms, inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel
     problems, arthritis, rheumatism, colic and dysmenorrhea. Used by bodybuilders to enhance performance.
     Traditional formulas: Ginger and Barberry combination, Papaya and Peppermint combination, Slippery Elm combination

Wood Betony (stachys officinalis)
     Properties: astringent, antidiarrheal, antidepressant, hypotensive
     Systems affected: nervous, digestive
     Folk Use: Used for diarrhea, headaches, mouth and throat irritations. Used to relieve anxiety and depression. Used to lower
     blood pressure.
     Traditional formulas: Valerian and Black Cohosh combination, White Willow and Valerian combination

Yarrow herb (achillea millefolium)
     Properties: astringent, diaphoretic, hemostatic, antibacteial, stimulant, carminative
     Systems affected: digestive, ciruclatory
     Folk Use: To stop bleeding, internally and externally, including wounds, sores, rashes, hemorrhoids. Used as a tonic,
     carminative, febrifuge, antispasmodic, astringent, hemostat. Bacteriocidal. To stimulate the mucous membranes.
     Traditional formulas: Goldenseal and Juniper combination, Alfalfa and Yucca combination, Pau D'Arco and Yellow Dock
     combination, Parthenium and Goldenseal combination, Parthenium and Myrhh combination, Chamomile and Rose Hips
     combination.

Yellow Dock root (rumex crispus)
     Properties: bitter, laxative, antimicrobial, hepatonic
     Systems affected: circulatory, digestive, glandular
     Folk Use: Externally used to cure boils, burns, scalds, blisters, lesions, psoriasis. Used as a dentifrice. Used as a liver tonic
     for liver and gallbladder problems, including jaundice. Is antimicrobial.
     Traditional formulas: Gentian and Cascara combination, Pau D'Arco and Yellow Dock combination, Red Beet and Yellow
     Dock combination, Pollen and Ginseng combination

Yerba Santa leaf (eriodictyon californicum)
     Properties: bitter, aromatic, expectorant, antispasmodic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory
     Systems affected: respiratory, immune
     Folk Use: Colds, asthma, tuberculosis, rheumatism, to reduce fevers, to treat bruises, heal infected wounds. Expectorant.
     Traditional formulas: Yerba Santa combination

Yucca root (yucca baccata)
     Properties: bitter, astringent, antibacterial, antifungal
     Systems affected: digestive
     Folk Use: Used to break up obstructions, reduce inflammation in joints including arthritis and rheumatism. Antitumor,
     antibacterial, antifungal, blood purifier.
     Traditional formulas: Alfalfa and Yucca combination